F

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Fiber
– any of a group of indigestible plant polysaccharides, including
cellulose, lignin, pectins, beta-glucans, inulin and oligosaccharides.
Fibers promote intestinal health by normalizing transit time,
decreasing exposure of the gut wall to carcinogens, and promoting the
growth of healthy bacteria.

Flavonoids – the larger class of plant polyphenols,
which includes such compounds as anthocyanins, flavanols, flavones,
flavonols and isoflavones. They act as antioxidants and are believed to
also contribute to genetic expression and cell-signal regulation,
suggesting a second level of cancer protection.

Folate – a B vitamin also known as folic acid; helps
prevent neural tube defects during fetal growth and development. Also
helps prevent cardiovascular disease and is needed to build and repair
DNA and RNA, the building blocks of cells. Found in whole grains and
nuts.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) –
also known as oligofructose, FOS is a short-chain polysaccharide
(oligosaccharide) used as a low-calorie sweetener. Also has been shown
to be beneficial for gut health by promoting probiotic bacteria (see
inulin, below). Also may help increase absorption of certain minerals
such as calcium and magnesium.

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