P

From Ingredients Glossary

Jump to: navigation, search

Phytochemical
– although literally “plant chemical,” usually refers to any compound
from a plant source that may be efficacious to health. Used
interchangeably with “phytonutrient.” About 10,000 have been identified
to date, and perhaps as many more remain unidentified.

Phytoestrogen – also called “plant estrogens,” these
phytochemicals show mild estrogenlike ability. Soybeans are a major
source of these highly studied compounds. They may help regulate
cholesterol and reduce the risk of some cancers. They might help
maintain bone density post-menopause and could be mildly helpful at
reducing menopausal symptoms.

Phytosterol – also called plant sterols, phytosterols
are steroid alcohols naturally occurring in plants. In addition to
antioxidant capacity, they have shown strong ability to help reduce
serum cholesterol and protect against cardiovascular disease.

Polydextrose – a fiber made up of dextrose, sorbitol
and citric acid. A lower-calorie sweetener, polydextrose acts as a
prebiotic fiber to promote gut health.

Polyphenol – antioxidant flavonols which have been
shown to help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and the
onset of Alzheimer’s. Found in high levels in grape seeds and skins, as
well as in black currants, pomegranates, yerba maté, green tea, dark
chocolate, red wine and virgin olive oil. Prebiotic – compounds that
can promote the growth of healthful bacteria in the digestive tract,
especially the colon.

Probiotic – any of a number of beneficial bacteria or
yeast, such as lactic acid bacteria. They convert carbohydrates (such
as the milk sugar lactose) into lactic acid, aiding digestion and
lowering gastrointestinal pH. See “yogurt cultures.”

How to Contribute to the Ingredient Wiki